ABSTRACT
Energy security returned to the forefront of US energy and foreign policies in 2001, when incoming Vice President Dick Cheney released the National Energy Policy (NEP), which mapped out most of the energy bills and initiatives that were discussed or passed since that time, under both the Bush and Obama administrations. This chapter explains the major features of these changes taking place in Canada and the US. It reviews post- North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) energy reforms attempted to introduce market competition and explains their limited or dysfunctional results. Although NAFTA and the Statement Of Planning Policy (SPP) failed to put in operation a cooperative regime on energy matters among the three nations. Energy policy in North America has been characterized by a form of multi-level governance.
