ABSTRACT
This chapter explains aspects identification and environmental risk assessment and the identification and prioritisation of environmental issues: Aspects checklist, Input-output analysis, Consideration of normal, abnormal and emergency operating conditions, Consideration of source, pathway, receptor, Significance assessment methodologies. It describes EMS/corporate environmental risk assessment, assessing significance/prioritising risks, environmental auditing, 'systems approach' to environmental management, two principal models of EMS, energy management, environmental footprinting. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a planning tool that examines the environmental consequences of development actions in order to facilitate decision making and the identification of avoidance and mitigation measures. The process is conducted by a group of specialists and comprises the following steps: project description and definition of assessment area, impact scoping, mitigation proposals, and residual impacts. Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) applies the EIA preventative approach to the development of plans and programmes. This chapter is the essential guide for students who preparing for the IEMA Associate Membership Exam and NEBOSH Diploma in Environmental Management.
