ABSTRACT
The only revolution that has succeeded in modern Japanese history is the Meiji Restoration. The symbol of 'revolution' is the restoration of the Emperor in January 1868, but its starting point was the 'Ansei Purge' by the Senior Minister, Ii Naosuke, in 1858, and preceding it the 'Ansei Reform'. So through more than ten years of reform from that point until the restoration of the Emperor, reformists inside the regime and reformists outside the regime, clashing fiercely with one another, contested the leadership of reform. In modern Japanese history the former are known as the Unity of Court and Bakufu faction, while the latter are called the Revere the Emperor, Expel the Foreigner faction. The reform period of more than ten years from 1857 to 1868, something we may call a 'reform market' emerged from time to time.
