ABSTRACT
Participants initially sketch alone after conducting their user and design research. Osborn and Parnes created four rules for generating ideas: defer judgment; strive for quantity; use your imagination; build on other ideas. The participants should initially create five or six sketches alone. Sketchers should produce five or six high-level design concepts. The entire group needs to generate 20-30 sketches to ensure the team gets out of the common response zone. The risks encountered in the early rounds of a design studio: an escalation of commitment; staying in the common response zone; fixating on a single concept too early. A 5-3-1 sketching formula is developed to determine the number of sketches needed for most design studios. Leonardo da Vinci produced over 13,000 pages of sketches in his lifetime. Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon that occurs within a group of people. The design studio method provides several mechanisms to specifically avoid groupthink.
