ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the organization, communication and mobilization of youth oriented movements. It argues that the rise and fall of the Pirate Party both illustrate the limits of connective action for political parties. The chapter focuses on the diversity of youth participation during the current 'cycle of protest', exploring how young people's politics manifests itself through diverse repertoires of participation across multiple arenas of political action and different civic-political cultures. It also reviews the social movements and political parties. Banaji and her colleagues, in their study of political websites in Europe, highlight the importance of 'civic sharing' in online youth participation. Many authors have pointed to the tendency of the Internet to reinforce participation amongst people who are already engaged, and the limited ability to connect with the socially excluded. The youth protest movements and nascent political parties that emerged in 2011 have shown what can be done and others from a broader set of social backgrounds.
