ABSTRACT
To the extent that democracy and capitalism are rooted in the history and culture of Western societies, capitalist modernization and democracy are indigenous to the West. With modernization being a long and arduous process in developing countries, modernizers often face strong resistance from conservative forces. The CCP established one-party rule throughout China after 1949. From then on, the Chinese state has been a party-state, political power and cohesion hinged on the authority of the Party and supreme leader. The CCP's decision process is clearly top down. The Party's center is made up of the National Party Congress, the Central Committee, the Politburo, and its Standing Committee. The Party committees exercise control over all the major policy decisions at any given level in the political, administrative, economic, social, and cultural realms. The Party also sets up Party branches, dubbed Party core group or Party committees, within the legislative, administrative, judicial, military, social, and commercial organizations at or above the county level.
