ABSTRACT
The effect of exercise (especially running) and sports participation on mood or emotion and their potential for improving psychological well-being has generated considerable interest in sports and exercise research in recent years (see e.g. Dishman, 1994; Kerr, Cox, & Griffiths, 1996; McDonald & Hodgdon, 1991; Morgan & Goldston, 1987; Ross & Hayes, 1988; Seraganian, 1993; Stephens, 1988; Sutherland & Cooper, 1990; Willis & Campbell, 1992). In general, the results of research studies reviewed in these publications have supported a positive relationship between exercise and improved physical and psychological well-being. For example, exercise has been found to decrease anxiety and depression and improve self-esteem, mood profiles, and sleep patterns (see e.g. Härmä, 1996; Kerr & Vlaswinkel, 1990).
