ABSTRACT
This chapter explores three different approaches to phonological theory that do seem to have clinical applicability. Indeed, the notion of prototypes can be used to account for phonetic variation between phonologically identical forms. Ranks in the phonological rank scale are the domains of prosodies, that is, characteristics of the speech stream that extend over more than one segment. Grounded phonology was expounded by Archangeli and Pulleyblank, and its application to clinical data is described in Bernhardt and Stoel-Gammon. This approach to phonological analysis is firmly within the overall generative tradition, in that it is derivational, rule based, and adopts the nonlinear stance of autosegmental phonology. Bernhardt and Stoel-Gammon oint out that the ability to include language-specific underspecification can be extended to the idiosyncratic phonological patterns often encountered in disordered child speech. Archangeli and Pulleyblank describe four parameters that apply to phonological rules: function, type, direction, and iteration.
