ABSTRACT
At first glance, the problem that Klein and Loftus (chapter 1, this volume) set for themselves seems to be intractable: How can one possibly gain valid knowledge about the nature of representation of information stored in memory solely on the basis of observations of its retrieval? Because retrieval depends on a large number of complexly interacting variables, Klein and Loftus' problem seems analogous to that of seeking a unique solution of a single equation with a number of unknowns. The approach they adopted—relying on the technique of conceptual priming—is ingenious. Their results, consistent across experiments, look convincing; their case tightly argued.
