ABSTRACT

In this chapter, the authors explain the familiar situation in school, and then show how this can be related to theoretical aspects of learning. They show that the present theories of learning mathematics have been influenced by developing ideas about the nature of mathematics and the psychology of learning. Knowledge of teaching methods should be linked with a knowledge of the way children learn mathematics. In Britain, J. Piaget’s theories were first applied in primary schools. Zoltan Dienes theory of learning relies in part on ideas of J. Piaget and J. S. Bruner. The work of J. Piaget, J. S. Bruner, Zoltan Dienes, R. R. Skemp and their colleagues has been of great help in improving the effectiveness of mathematics education for many pupils. Most mathematics teachers distinguish between pupils’ mathematical ability and general ability. Symbolization is a way in which the authors can carry out processes like generalization and abstraction, using rules to manipulate defined symbols.