ABSTRACT
This chapter introduces the varied and at times contradictory ways in which sexuality has been theorised, and how these differing frameworks can impact on midwifery practice. The biological framework emphasis is usually placed on reproduction but sexually transmitted infections are also relevant, as are diseases or dysfunctions of reproductive or sexual organs. The most well-known psychological framework in which sexuality is considered is Freudian psychoanalysis. gender identity is usually established very early in life, and there is debate over whether it is primarily a biological or a social phenomenon. sexual orientation is heterosexual if a person is attracted to a person of a different gender, and homosexual if a person is attracted to a person of the same gender. midwives should be aware that a small but significant proportion of women for whom they care have experienced or will be experiencing sexual abuse or violence.
