ABSTRACT
The attention devoted to 'sectorial struggles' serves the aim of dictatorship of the proletariat and the 'foundation of the worker state'. The particular attention devoted to Gramsci's theory of hegemony is rooted in the research carried out by the Partito Comunista Italiano (PCI) on the forms of a route to socialism adapted to the complexity of the development of civil society and the state in the industrially developed countries. Consequently, the perspective which Gramsci aims to give to the worker movement and his conception of 'hegemony' are wholly determined by the idea of defeating: social democracy and the forces of bourgeois democracy. The chapter presents that all debate on the 'theory of hegemony' elaborated by Gramsci must take account of the requirement: an examination of whether the developments of the theory have implications in Gramsci which could substantially modify the leninist theory of the dictatorship of the proletariat.
