ABSTRACT
Small-scale production gives birth to capitalism and the bourgeoisie constantly, daily, hourly, elementally, and in vast proportions'. From the point of view of Leninism, the peasantry-that is, the fundamental peasant mass which does not exploit labor-is that ally upon a correct association with whom depends the security of the proletarian dictatorship, and so the fate of the socialist revolution. The problem of socialist construction in the country is to reform agriculture on the basis of large-scale, machine, collective industry. For the fundamental mass of the peasants the simplest road to this end is cooperation, as Lenin described it in his work On Cooperation. In spite of our comparatively swift reconstruction process in agriculture, the commodity production of the peasant industries is very low. In recent years the rural districts have gone far in the direction of capitalistic class differentiation.
