Introduction

In places like the University of Cape Town (UCT), the number of non-South African and non-African students are high compared to other institutions, and the number of poor students from the African townships among the lowest in the country. Other institutions, such as North-West University (NWU), maintain largely Black campuses in one region of the province and still dominant White campuses in another region of that province. If student numbers, across the higher education system, were quickly changed as a rough marker of transformation, staffing equity would be much more difficult to attain, especially in the higher ranks of university employment. Transformation cannot mean a change in racial demographics alone, as the tone of political change in post-apartheid institutions often suggest. It cannot mean mere alterations in the physical, organisational and technological arrangements for change. Transformation has to mean deep, intrusive and sustained changes in institutional cultures expressed in new behaviours, processes, structures and understandings.