ABSTRACT
Tfhus far in this book we have seen how reinforcement and punishment tend to strengthen and weaken the behavior that they follow. These effects belong to the category of operant behavior. We have also seen that reinforcers and punishers are stimuli that elicit behavior, such as when food elicits salivation or shock elicits flexion of a limb. These effects belong to the categoiy of respondent behavior. In this chapter we consider what appears to be another category of behavior-behavior that is neither strengthened and maintained by rein forcement nor elicited by stimuli, but that nevertheless is generated by some schedules of reinforcement. This third category is termed adjunctive behavior. Because it is generated by schedules of reinforcement although not reinforced by the scheduled reinforcers, adjunctive behavior is a by-product of learning (and may be a type of learning). It also has motivational properties, as we shall see. Thus we consider it in this part of our overview of the science of learning.
