ABSTRACT
Most models of speech production are directed at the description of language produced by adult monolingual speakers (e.g., Dell, 1986; Garrett, 1975; Laver, 1980; Levelt, 1989; MacKay, 1987). The reason for this state of affairs is fairly obvious: The development of speech production models is difficult enough as it is, so there is little inclination to make it more complicated by also accounting for child language production or for speech production by bilingual speakers (including second and foreign language learners). Nevertheless, bilingualism is the rule rather than the exception in today's world (Crystal, 1987) so that, as De Bot (1992) suggested, "One could argue that the basic model should be concerned with bilingualism, with an option to have a unilingual version" (p. 2).
