ABSTRACT
Military violence is the method to which governments have resorted, in order to obtain their objectives, when all other methods have been unsuccessful, and in some cases even before that stage has been reached. For violence is often a form of problem-solving activity. In this respect, the governments of nations are no different from individual human beings, or indeed from animals, in using violence to satisfy a need or to solve a problem. Psychosomatic patients tend to be intropunitive in their characteristic responses to stress and frustration. The middle-class population is cushioned by its comparative socio-economic advantage from the frustrating stresses of unemployment, to which the inhabitants of the poorer areas are subject, and which fuel much of their aggression. In violence between individuals and among groups and nations, the same themes recur. In the physical and psychological characteristics of normal humanity, there is a very wide range of individual differences.
