Effects of Practice and Knowledge of Performance on the Kinematics of Ball Kicking

A fundamental issue in motor control and learning is how movement patterns change during the acquisition of skill. Newell (e.g., 1985, 1991) proposed that motor skill learning may be divided into two distinct stages, namely co-ordination and control. In the early stage of skill acquisition, the learner must acquire the appropriate topological characteristics of the body and limbs (co-ordination) and then progress, in the second stage, to refine the scaling of the acquired pattern of relative motions (control).