ABSTRACT
Young and Beck (1980, p. 13) stress the fact that an effective cognitive therapist should be formulating all the time as she collects cognitive data: `The therapist is like a detective who has a lot of clues but has still not solved the crime.' As the cognitive clues are ®tted together, it should slowly become clear what the target areas are and, even, what might be the best ways of addressing them. Without an overall formulation, targeting areas would be hit or miss, and progress would be erratic and, like the victories of Titus' undisciplined soldiers, `dishonourable'! Indeed, as we shall see when we explore the use of the Cognitive Therapy Scale (CTS), cognitive therapy raters are strongly advised to separate rating the quality of interventions from whether change actually seems to occur as a result of them, because `Sometimes a therapist will apply techniques very skilfully, yet a particular patient may be extremely rigid or unyielding and does not respond' (Young & Beck, 1980, p. 22).
