ABSTRACT

First published in 1977. During a time of reflection after the author’s withdrawal from active politics after four years of effort in Malaysia to promote an alternative to the present government this book was written. His experience as the national chairman of an opposition party, between 1968 and 1971, and presence in the Malaysian Senate in 1971 brought him face to face with problems that were in many ways generated by the type of elites ruling the country and circumstances.

chapter II|17 pages

Intellectuals and Their Function

chapter III|10 pages

Bebalisma

chapter IV|13 pages

The Fools in Developing Societies

chapter V|12 pages

The Intellectuals and Developing Societies

chapter VI|10 pages

The Necessity for Intellectuals

chapter VII|6 pages

The Emergence of the Intellectuals

chapter IX|10 pages

The Backward Elites and Modernisation

chapter X|8 pages

Science and the Backward Elites

chapter XI|13 pages

Backward Elites and the Problem of Causation