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eppeirsocdeenst . oTfhtehequm as oir -e glm ob aarlkesd ca lEeN se SaO warm ture (SST) patterns associated wistuhr fa E ce Ntaenmdpceorlad R bution of rainfall as a functio SO that sta ogpees le w of skEiNaSnOdcHaanlpoefr te tn1b9e9no5i ) d . efBEeNcS au Ose st tah te e ( eea .g., influence these rainfall patterns appear consistently in more before typical ENSO-ntified a season r o ly rfmoarnryecreencten de tcsa tu d d es ie , s P -ar kee .g r ., anHdsF iu o n ll ganadnd19N9e1wseilnlc1e9t8h3ereepc is oogdneith io ansiomfp th oer ta e n ar tlyprsetdarg el easteodfdarodu ev gehltospcionmgm EN en ScOe, late Idne in nt eitfe ic eanttihonc entury. However, one of th ic e t ive m value. precipitation relatio onfs hip tshepsreo vid ceo ain limitations sntsh is etecnlte are E st NiSnO di - E ac NcS or O d -in b g as teod th s e ea h so is ntaolr ic parlerdeicco ti rodn , EsN ch SeOmeissaicst iv tehaot, fce ation that seasonal meteorological drought in quite its warm or cold phases only about half the tim ienux se te fnuslisvkei ll a r ( e i. aes , ionftthheehg is lo to bre ic m al aryecboerdp , reEdN ic S ta O b -l reelw at i e th d S co in ld ce 1e9p0 is 0 o , dteh er yeeahrasv , e b ac eceonrtdhiinrg ty w to a rm th aendSnoiunteh te e e rn n . idtnryth con he aepspedroa it prie on r a ia s s ). occu te Fsiegaursroeat2 leas ns, .3 whsth7o5wsp ere p e th rocse recip entre of the time Osc itatio gi nondse , fiacn it dsJSoonue il s l at ( i1o9n87 In ) dex-based criterion of Ropelewski and are strongly associated with the warm or cold phase equa th to errinalPOas . c The cif il ilca tio clos se n a su Iendreex la tio (S n O sh I i ) pbaentdw ee cne nt trhaelo tu freEsNiSnOth -e i t . reo ., piw ca alrm ea sotrPcaoclid fi c s . eaAlstuhro face tempera d rface temperature anomaly may not occur consistently with every wuagrhmdorroucgoh ld tFu ig r u in durin re ggm2.4o all . s t su Ioffptr he twentieth century is illustrated in ENSO episode as appropriate, these regions do have a dr ch E ec N ip SiO ta ti eopn is owdeerse , sbku il tfun ll oytportehdeircw ta ibslee , tch le aanr -l n y or i m de anltsie fi aesdo na ilncco re nadsie ti d o ns p . r T ob haebliiln it k y wi o th fEdN ri SeOr-r th es eouotuigrm ht p ce e s . H re odw ic etv io enw managed r, ecvroouplsdm on ulsytbbeeppolsasnitbeldeaabnoduwtahtaelrfcba il n it ybedifso tr rim bu al tiisoend by ca ery year. s condi ltciuolnaatl in ognptrheecisptiattaet io onfEpN ro SbOa . m ho awneyvedrr , ouEgNhSt-Op ro is nenortegtihoensonAlsy is disc . The farce to la r u ssed tiv in el f y lu ebnec lo in w g , T hi h st uosripcrae ll c y ip o it bas ti eornvepdr edic recent shif ttison in sctahnebperobb as aebd il iptuyredliysto ri n g at a m in ossipnhu er nedesryssttaenmditnhg ro oufgch li m EN ate S O as satucdoiueps le h d as olceedan to -
DOI link for eppeirsocdeenst . oTfhtehequm as oir -e glm ob aarlkesd ca lEeN se SaO warm ture (SST) patterns associated wistuhr fa E ce Ntaenmdpceorlad R bution of rainfall as a functio SO that sta ogpees le w of skEiNaSnOdcHaanlpoefr te tn1b9e9no5i ) d . efBEeNcS au Ose st tah te e ( eea .g., influence these rainfall patterns appear consistently in more before typical ENSO-ntified a season r o ly rfmoarnryecreencten de tcsa tu d d es ie , s P -ar kee .g r ., anHdsF iu o n ll ganadnd19N9e1wseilnlc1e9t8h3ereepc is oogdneith io ansiomfp th oer ta e n ar tlyprsetdarg el easteodfdarodu ev gehltospcionmgm EN en ScOe, late Idne in nt eitfe ic eanttihonc entury. However, one of th ic e t ive m value. precipitation relatio onfs hip tshepsreo vid ceo ain limitations sntsh is etecnlte are E st NiSnO di - E ac NcS or O d -in b g as teod th s e ea h so is ntaolr ic parlerdeicco ti rodn , EsN ch SeOmeissaicst iv tehaot, fce ation that seasonal meteorological drought in quite its warm or cold phases only about half the tim ienux se te fnuslisvkei ll a r ( e i. aes , ionftthheehg is lo to bre ic m al aryecboerdp , reEdN ic S ta O b -l reelw at i e th d S co in ld ce 1e9p0 is 0 o , dteh er yeeahrasv , e b ac eceonrtdhiinrg ty w to a rm th aendSnoiunteh te e e rn n . idtnryth con he aepspedroa it prie on r a ia s s ). occu te Fsiegaursroeat2 leas ns, .3 whsth7o5wsp ere p e th rocse recip entre of the time Osc itatio gi nondse , fiacn it dsJSoonue il s l at ( i1o9n87 In ) dex-based criterion of Ropelewski and are strongly associated with the warm or cold phase equa th to errinalPOas . c The cif il ilca tio clos se n a su Iendreex la tio (S n O sh I i ) pbaentdw ee cne nt trhaelo tu freEsNiSnOth -e i t . reo ., piw ca alrm ea sotrPcaoclid fi c s . eaAlstuhro face tempera d rface temperature anomaly may not occur consistently with every wuagrhmdorroucgoh ld tFu ig r u in durin re ggm2.4o all . s t su Ioffptr he twentieth century is illustrated in ENSO episode as appropriate, these regions do have a dr ch E ec N ip SiO ta ti eopn is owdeerse , sbku il tfun ll oytportehdeircw ta ibslee , tch le aanr -l n y or i m de anltsie fi aesdo na ilncco re nadsie ti d o ns p . r T ob haebliiln it k y wi o th fEdN ri SeOr-r th es eouotuigrm ht p ce e s . H re odw ic etv io enw managed r, ecvroouplsdm on ulsytbbeeppolsasnitbeldeaabnoduwtahtaelrfcba il n it ybedifso tr rim bu al tiisoend by ca ery year. s condi ltciuolnaatl in ognptrheecisptiattaet io onfEpN ro SbOa . m ho awneyvedrr , ouEgNhSt-Op ro is nenortegtihoensonAlsy is disc . The farce to la r u ssed tiv in el f y lu ebnec lo in w g , T hi h st uosripcrae ll c y ip o it bas ti eornvepdr edic recent shif ttison in sctahnebperobb as aebd il iptuyredliysto ri n g at a m in ossipnhu er nedesryssttaenmditnhg ro oufgch li m EN ate S O as satucdoiueps le h d as olceedan to -
eppeirsocdeenst . oTfhtehequm as oir -e glm ob aarlkesd ca lEeN se SaO warm ture (SST) patterns associated wistuhr fa E ce Ntaenmdpceorlad R bution of rainfall as a functio SO that sta ogpees le w of skEiNaSnOdcHaanlpoefr te tn1b9e9no5i ) d . efBEeNcS au Ose st tah te e ( eea .g., influence these rainfall patterns appear consistently in more before typical ENSO-ntified a season r o ly rfmoarnryecreencten de tcsa tu d d es ie , s P -ar kee .g r ., anHdsF iu o n ll ganadnd19N9e1wseilnlc1e9t8h3ereepc is oogdneith io ansiomfp th oer ta e n ar tlyprsetdarg el easteodfdarodu ev gehltospcionmgm EN en ScOe, late Idne in nt eitfe ic eanttihonc entury. However, one of th ic e t ive m value. precipitation relatio onfs hip tshepsreo vid ceo ain limitations sntsh is etecnlte are E st NiSnO di - E ac NcS or O d -in b g as teod th s e ea h so is ntaolr ic parlerdeicco ti rodn , EsN ch SeOmeissaicst iv tehaot, fce ation that seasonal meteorological drought in quite its warm or cold phases only about half the tim ienux se te fnuslisvkei ll a r ( e i. aes , ionftthheehg is lo to bre ic m al aryecboerdp , reEdN ic S ta O b -l reelw at i e th d S co in ld ce 1e9p0 is 0 o , dteh er yeeahrasv , e b ac eceonrtdhiinrg ty w to a rm th aendSnoiunteh te e e rn n . idtnryth con he aepspedroa it prie on r a ia s s ). occu te Fsiegaursroeat2 leas ns, .3 whsth7o5wsp ere p e th rocse recip entre of the time Osc itatio gi nondse , fiacn it dsJSoonue il s l at ( i1o9n87 In ) dex-based criterion of Ropelewski and are strongly associated with the warm or cold phase equa th to errinalPOas . c The cif il ilca tio clos se n a su Iendreex la tio (S n O sh I i ) pbaentdw ee cne nt trhaelo tu freEsNiSnOth -e i t . reo ., piw ca alrm ea sotrPcaoclid fi c s . eaAlstuhro face tempera d rface temperature anomaly may not occur consistently with every wuagrhmdorroucgoh ld tFu ig r u in durin re ggm2.4o all . s t su Ioffptr he twentieth century is illustrated in ENSO episode as appropriate, these regions do have a dr ch E ec N ip SiO ta ti eopn is owdeerse , sbku il tfun ll oytportehdeircw ta ibslee , tch le aanr -l n y or i m de anltsie fi aesdo na ilncco re nadsie ti d o ns p . r T ob haebliiln it k y wi o th fEdN ri SeOr-r th es eouotuigrm ht p ce e s . H re odw ic etv io enw managed r, ecvroouplsdm on ulsytbbeeppolsasnitbeldeaabnoduwtahtaelrfcba il n it ybedifso tr rim bu al tiisoend by ca ery year. s condi ltciuolnaatl in ognptrheecisptiattaet io onfEpN ro SbOa . m ho awneyvedrr , ouEgNhSt-Op ro is nenortegtihoensonAlsy is disc . The farce to la r u ssed tiv in el f y lu ebnec lo in w g , T hi h st uosripcrae ll c y ip o it bas ti eornvepdr edic recent shif ttison in sctahnebperobb as aebd il iptuyredliysto ri n g at a m in ossipnhu er nedesryssttaenmditnhg ro oufgch li m EN ate S O as satucdoiueps le h d as olceedan to -
ABSTRACT