ABSTRACT
In northern and in most of central Europe, nothing comparable to the alarums and excursions of Britain, France and Belgium was to be found. The late 1820s witnessed no significant political developments either in the Scandinavian kingdoms or in Germany, though the accession of the philhellene Ludwig I as king of Bavaria in 1825 had raised shortlived hopes that the reform tradition of Montgelas might be revived there. With respect to Prussia, we should note the impressive growth of her tariff union: Hesse-Darmstadt joined the Zollverein in 1828, and in 1829 the two south German kingdoms, Bavaria and Wiirttemberg, followed suit. For the time being, however, the commercial significance of these treaties gave no indication of being matched by political implications.
