ABSTRACT

The period between 1830 and 1880 was one of immense activity, radical political change, and striking economic and social growth in Europe. The major themes of the struggles between individuals, parties and classes within the state, and between the states themselves are explored within the context of a study of the administration, organisation and growth of European society.

The whole book has been fully revised and updated, particularly the section on German history. Professor Hearder has also given greater consideration to many important issues, such as, popular movements of protest and insurrection, life-styles, and the role of women.

chapter 1|18 pages

The Sources

chapter 2|21 pages

Europe in 1830

chapter 3|28 pages

Political Ideas

chapter 4|24 pages

The Growth of Industry

chapter 5|21 pages

Agriculture and Commerce

chapter 6|29 pages

The Conditions of the Masses

chapter 7|11 pages

The Life-Style of the Upper Classes

chapter 8|34 pages

Diplomacy and Wars

chapter 9|29 pages

France

Still the Seedbed of Ideologies

chapter 10|24 pages

Britain

The Mother of Parliaments and the Source of Industrialization

chapter 11|29 pages

Iron and Blood

The Unification of Germany

chapter 12|26 pages

A Nation Born of Conflict

The Unification of Italy

chapter 13|14 pages

Experiments in Moderation

Belgium, Holland and Switzerland

chapter 14|15 pages

A Sad Anachronism

Austria-Hungary

chapter 15|18 pages

Societies in Torment

Russia and Poland under the Tsars

chapter 16|10 pages

The Stubborn Survival of the ‘Sick Man'

The Ottoman Empire and the Balkan States

chapter 17|29 pages

Europe and the World

chapter 18|31 pages

Education, Scholarship, Science and Religion

chapter 19|26 pages

Literature and the Arts

chapter 20|6 pages

Europe in 1880