ABSTRACT
A natural question must inevitably be asked: 'Why did the powers not avert this war?' It is a fundamental question in any discussion of the origins of war and is especially relevant in the context of the twentieth century when it is often assumed that the Great Powers have the ability to restrain their political partners in matters like making war. In 1904 there were indeed many and varied efforts at apaisement — the maintenance of peace. There was no serious suggestion of convening an international conference or of using some international medium. There were, however, efforts at mediation; the 'good offices' of friendly powers were offered. These were in general favoured by Russia and rejected by Japan. But consultations about a formula which would be acceptable to both sides did take place.
