ABSTRACT
The gerund is a verbal noun, and in medieval Latin, capable of taking an object, as in English; ‘by doing services’, doing is a gerund, services its object. The Latin gerund is formed by changing the final s of the present participle to -dum: https://www.niso.org/standards/z39-96/ns/oasis-exchange/table"> Conj. Pres. Part. Gerund 1st levare, to raise, levy levans levandum, raising 2nd habere, to have habens habendum, having 3rd colligere, to collect colligens colligendum, collecting 4th venire, to come veniens veniendum, coming
