ABSTRACT
This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the key concepts discussed in the preceding chapters of this book. The book provides an insight into the range of issues that form part of the study of International Political Economy (IPE). One might assume that theoretical positions are relatively fixed, given their key concepts and assumptions. While this is true to some extent, all theories are constantly open to challenge and critique. Even the transformationalists remain far from being a homogeneous group, with differing protagonists emphasising differing aspects of globalisation as being significant. Cultural issues have not normally been part of traditional security agendas. In recent years the security agenda has evolved to include many more non-military issues. Issues of environment and development are closely related to finance and trade, but are generally dealt with in alternative forums. The liberal approach would be more complex as it would include 'pieces' for numerous non-state actors.
