ABSTRACT
Geomorphological maps have developed from geological maps. These have traditionally been based on the stratigraphy of solid and drift deposits, although specialized maps show such features as tectonics (Unesco, 1968), structure (Demek et al., 1972), metamorphism (Unesco, 1974), Quaternary forms (Unesco, 1967), and engineering geology (Unesco, 1976). Their development was reviewed by Saint Onge (1968). Although first suggested by Passarge in 1919, they only began to be produced in a number of countries after about 1950. At first they emphasized the genetic aspects of landscape, but more recently, emphasis has shifted to serving social and ecological requirements. Among the most notable schemes are the French series under the guidance of Tricart (1965b), and that of the Netherlands by Verstappen and colleagues (Verstappen and van Zuidam, 1968; van Zuidam and van Zuidam-Cancellado, 1978). Westermann (1970–) has produced a variety of colourful and imaginative terrain maps of West Germany at 1:25 000 with examples from each of its seven form regions, such as the Norddeutsches Flachland, Mittelgebirge, and Alpenvorland. The Geological Survey of Japan have since 1980 published graphic slope classification maps, also at this scale.
