ABSTRACT
Therelationshipofthewrittenandspokenversionsofalanguageis exploitedinmanyandvariedwaysinlanguageteaching.Intheareaof vocabulary,newwordsarecommonlyintroducedbypronouncingwrittenwordsaloud.Whennewvocabularyitemsareencounteredinaconversationclass,theteacherwilloftenwritetheseontheboardsothat studentscanmakecognitiveconnectionsbetweenthespokenandwrittenversionsoflexicalitems.Intheteachingofgrammar,sentencepattemsaregenerallyintroducedfirstinthewrittenformandthen practicedinthespokenform.Inreadingclasses,studentsmightbe encouragedtoreadwhatiswrittenaloud,whileinpronunciation classes,studentsmightbeexpectedtorepeatwordsandsentenceswrittenintheirbooksorontheboard.
