ABSTRACT
The studies reveal a diversity of 'models' each of which has its unique characteristics reflecting the national and historical conditions of its own industrialization process. Only Britain, and to some extent the more advanced parts of north-west Europe, can be said to have generated industrial capitalism and the institutions and technology which go with it, as an autonomous development from the pre-industrial mode of production. The gap between the Soviet Union and North America and Western Europe is still appreciable, and the differences between the two social systems remains as sharp as ever despite what the 'convergence' theorists have suggested. China, though never a colony, was drawn into contact with Western capitalism in a dependent relationship. Indian economic performance has improved since colonial days but it must do more than tick over and serve the needs of the relatively affluent, if a disaster is to be averted. Brazil is a classic case of import-substitution industrialization and demonstrates its limitations.
