ABSTRACT
Chapter map After a brief introduction to the issue of development, we consider the meaning of development as a term and its history as a concept in section 8.2. This is followed by a review of the main theories of development that have influenced policy and practice. We focus on the modernization school of the 1950s and 1960s, the dependency theories of the 1960s, the neoliberal model of recent decades and grassroots development. Section 8.4 focuses on changing patterns of development, emphasizing the increased economic divergence between different parts of the developing world that has become apparent in recent years. We then review the growth of social movements in developing countries, highlighting examples of local groups resisting particular projects. Current development issues and challenges are discussed in section 8.6, focusing on trade, aid and climate change. This is followed by a brief summary which highlights the main points covered in the chapter.
