ABSTRACT
In Chapter 9 it was argued – on the grounds of incumbent operator resistance as well as institutional and financial capacity limitations – that even those Sub-Saharan African cities able to install scheduled public transport services are likely to continue to depend upon hybrid (scheduled and paratransit) public transport systems for decades. Different forms of hybridity were identified on the basis of the recognition paratransit receives in public transport reform strategies: namely de facto; modified de facto; and de jure hybrid systems. It was argued that examples of modified de facto and de jure hybridity – in other words, systems in which unattained in toto paratransit replacement leads to an amended public transport reform strategy, or in which a role for paratransit is recognized from the outset – need to be examined in order to extract transferable lessons on how hybridity may best be managed. The purpose of this chapter is therefore to identify and analyse international cases of hybrid public transport system regulation and complementarity, and to draw lessons from these.
