ABSTRACT

This chapter shows a more complex view of leadership will take us beyond the leader as the individual in charge. It also examines the relationship between leaders and followers, the people have to take into consideration the way they influence one another. On the one hand, the people can conceive of a relationship based on the expectation that whatever the leader decides goes. That would suggest a command and control approach under which the leader should be free to make decisions without the influence of the followers. On the other hand, the people can also imagine an organization whose followers are empowered to make decisions. The leader plays a facilitative role. These two contrasting views are explored through the works of two philosophers, Ayn Rand representing the directive approach and Karl Marx representing the facilitative approach. Marx and Engels argue that the whole history of human society can be boiled down to an economic struggle between classes.