ABSTRACT
Political management' appears as a particularly important factor in both models. This is hardly surprising, given the fact that we are talking about countries where the environment for effective public service provision is hostile and where, in practice, politicians have the power to ignore or even overrule laws or formal agreements. Within the corpus of these exceptional organizations is the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). In order to provide a new legal and operational framework for its activities and for institutionalizing procedures, NAFDAC acted at three levels: at the highest level it lobbied for new legislation, at a lower level it drafted its own regulations, and for its own operations the agency developed new guidelines and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). Public administration in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries is to a large degree based on formalized procedures.
