ABSTRACT
Although nationalism is predicated on the claims of particular nations, it also moves beyond the borders of nations in ways that make it transnational. Most obviously, it emerged as an ideology from the exchange of ideas, such as the democratic principles of the French Revolution and the philological theories of Johann Gottfried Herder, across state boundaries. Moreover, in what has become known as ‘transnational nationalism’, nationalists often operate outside the border they set around their nation by mobilising diaspora communities in the national cause. 1 Certain nationalisms develop an additional transnational dimension, however, insofar as they find a following beyond the limits of the ethnic group whose interests they have at heart. This was especially true for the middle decades of the nineteenth century, when nation-states were relatively unusual in continental Europe and the precise territorial boundaries claimed by emerging nationalisms were still in flux. For instance, the causes of Greece, Belgium, Italy, Hungary and Poland were pursued very actively in these years and came to find supporters across the European continent.
