ABSTRACT
In the last 20 years, EU regulation has been transformed. 1 Its scope has expanded from a concentration on competition policy to coverage of many sectors, from telecommunications to food, while its depth has increased tremendously, as detailed legislation has been passed. Much work has focused on increased demand for EU regulation, be it from firms, governments or the European Commission (on regulation, see notably Bergman et al. 1999; Majone 1996, 2005; Gatsios and Seabright 1989). But, for regulation to be implemented, appropriate institutions for the greatly enhanced EU regulation also have to be established. This article looks at such institutions, notably concerning regulation of markets.
