ABSTRACT
Several particles are used to express exception in Arabic, the notion that some
entity is singled out as a non-participant in the performance of an event or as
This particle is used in affirmative sentences to indicate that someone or some
entity is not a participant in an event performed by several others. The noun
following ّلاإ in this case must be in the accusative and indefinite (marked by tanwiin), as in the following:
The accusative noun following ِّلاإ can be definite by virtue of its being a part of a definite IDhaafa-construct, as in the following:
CHAPTER 34
ِّلاإ can be used before nouns in sentences negated by one of the negative particles سْريَل / نَل / ْرَل / ام / لا. The case of the noun following ِّلاإ can be accusative or nominative, as in the following:
In sentences where the لِعاف is not explicitly stated, the case of the noun following ِّلاإ depends on the verb used. If the verb is intransitive, the noun following it must be in the nominative, as in the following:
On the other hand, if the verb whose لِعاف is not explicitly stated is transitive, the noun following ِّلاإ is treated as a direct object marked for the accusative case, as in the following:
34.3 ادَع A variation of ادَع ام is ادَع without the negative particle ام. The noun following this particle can be either in the accusative, as in the following
example:
Or it can be in the genitive, as in the following:
as the first term of the IDhaafa-construct; the noun following يَغ is in the genitive. يَغ is in the accusative in affirmative sentences, as in the following example:
Following transitive verbs, ُ ْريَغ is marked for the accusative case, as in the following:
one city.”
