Field applications of pure biochar in the North Sea region and across Europe

Biochar application can increase carbon storage in soils and is a promising strategy to mitigate climate change (Chapter 7). However, in the absence of substantial subsidies or carbon credits (Chapter 9), larger-scale biochar application on agricultural fields is only to be expected if it leads to improved soil functioning (Chapter 4) and, as a result, improved gross margins. The gross margins can be accomplished if the yield or market value of the harvested product increases and/or if the variable costs of production (including inputs such as fertilisers, machinery and labour) decreases.