ABSTRACT
The bottom levels of the reading processor deal with the connection between graphemes of written language and phonemes of spoken language. But English writing has other units of organization that are important in understanding English orthography: morphemes . English orthography has been described as phonemic, but, in fact, it will be more accurately described as morphophonemic . For teachers, knowing how English morphology affects pronunciation and spelling is essential to presenting English spelling as a learnable system to students.
