ABSTRACT
In linguistic corpora annotations may provide part-of-speech information, named entity identification, time code, and other information that explicates or enriches the raw language data. The “conceptual model” is used in the context of database design to refer to the first step of data modeling: the identification of entities, their attributes, and their relations on the basis of a close analysis of the universe of discourse which is supposed to be modeled. The notion of a conceptual model has been transferred to other areas of data modeling and beyond to software design, to process modeling, and to user interface design. A data model is an abstract structure describing a universe of discourse—that is, some segment of reality—under a functional perspective, by identifying important entities and their relation to each other. In data modeling a logical model is a more formalized version of the model that conforms to all rules and constraints of the underlying mathematical model.
