ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the conventional sanctions and related themes. It discusses how the literature on conventional sanctions has tackled the issue of sanction's effectiveness. Professor Baldwin articulates a more positive view of the effects of conventional sanctions. Baldwin argued that economic statecraft is preferable to notions such as economic coercion and economic warfare. It discusses the principal factors which have motivated and enabled the shift from conventional sanctions towards targeted sanctions, before exploring some of the new challenges in understanding sanction's impact. Much of the contemporary sanctions literature has been greatly influenced by the work of Hufbauer et al. Their methodology and approach pose a number of problems and challenges with regard to how to understand sanctions, in particular when it comes to 'measurement' of efficiency. The problem was, according to Pape, that Hufbauer et al. conceived of sanctions as a substitute for other instruments of statecraft something separate from other stand-alone measures.
