ABSTRACT
The International Council of Museums (ICOM) and the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) are two non-governmental organisations (NGOs) linked to UNESCO. ICOM tends to be more relativist than the ICOMOS, which defends Universalist principles through the distribution of preservation models. Countries have their own rules but are pushed at the same time by national territories and the global system. However, they remain the references for the application of national and international rules, and even, in part, for the framework of local rules in respect to national ones. Local sites and authorities have adopted some global methods, especially for communication and programming, with occasional public-private partnerships. The Council of Europe has promoted some good practices of integrated preservation at the same time as UNESCO in the area of worldwide heritage since the 1970s. Finally Egypt colonises the world as much as or even more than the world colonises Egypt.
