ABSTRACT
The post-Cold War period has witnessed a remarkable transformation in the global South's political and social fabrics. The success and failure of a social movement depends on both the capacities and character of the state as well as the roles of a variety of social forces. Studies of social movements need to address the external aspect of protests in an increasingly globalized society. The majority of the on going displacement is not caused by conflicts or wars, rather 2/3 of the global displacement are induced directly and indirectly by development activities undertaken in different parts of the world. The growing population number and increased economic activities have already threatened the natural resource base in many parts of the world on which human beings are dependent for survival. The loss of cropland due to soil degradation leads to further clearing of forests and destruction of green cover. Many forest-based customary occupations are eroded due to deforestation.
