ABSTRACT
This chapter suggests that the transformations in Mary's soteriological role during the English reformations reflect continuity with the medieval past more than they do change. It considers the relationship of the late medieval Virgin toward those who were guilty of sin, and then examines her role in the convoluted processes that ensured the soul's salvation. Mary began the sixteenth century as an active agent both in steering unbelievers onto the path of Christian salvation and in keeping believers morally orientated and away from sin. By the end of that century Protestantism had repositioned her, with the Scriptures and the Spirit of God picking up most of her workload. The representation of the Virgin as a miracle-working saviour of the world' created controversy long before Martin Luther. The Salvatrix would, of course, remain a divisive figure long after him. The Virgin provided a moral compass, both as an exemplar of sinless living, and as a provider of ethical advice.
