ABSTRACT
The separation between religion and politics may be made in two ways, speaking in terms of principles. On the one hand, there is the conception of the lay sector in society, guaranteed by the legal separation between Church and state, as well as by the neutrality of the state and the principle of religious freedom. On the other hand, there is the sociological separation between religion and politics in the form of growing secularisation, meaning the withdrawal of daily life and thinking from religious domination. Yet, whether this separation takes the French form of a clear identification of the lay sector, or the English form of a secularisation trend, it is confronted by three major difficulties in the Muslim society, which we will analyse below.
