ABSTRACT
Lovatt identified in his research into the development of the night-time economy in Manchester that there was a crucial interconnection between strategies to regenerate the inner city in the post-industrial context and the relaxing of 'post-Fordist' licensing regulation, an observation that has been carried through into other research. The strategy to regenerate Manchester's city centre through the promotion of cultural goods, including nightlife, had facilitated a more flexible attitude within regulatory regimes towards closing times and the number of venues permitted in any one area. Whilst academic research for the most part prioritises complexity over conspiracy and hence would discuss such local anxieties, as Hillyard argues of corporate criminals, conspiracies are common. A normal way of organising in powerful circles, and analyses of institutional racism attempt to explain how an unconscious racism can be expressed through institutional practices and spatial organisation.
