ABSTRACT
Shanghai (Hu for short), which literally means the “City on the Sea,” is located on the east coast of China at the mouth of the Yangtze River.1 The city, which lies on the western coast of the Pacific Ocean and at the center of the north-south coastline of China, has had various English nicknames, including the “Queen of the Orient,” “Paris of the East,” and “Pearl of the Orient.” It is the largest Chinese city by population, with more than 24 million inhabitants (including 14.25 million permanent residents and 9.9 million migrant residents) as of 2013 (Wu, 2014). Like other Chinese cities, Shanghai is home to the Han people (98.8%), with only 1.2% belonging to minority groups, including the Zhuang, Hui, Manchu, Miao, Mongol, Tibet, Tujia, Uyghur, Yi, and Buyi.
