ABSTRACT

Constrained by genetics and heavily influenced by culture and other environmental factors, the human brain, with its million billion identifiable connections, provides a malleable canvas upon which is painted one's self. Human mind, culture, and spirituality emerge from the biological processes of the brain. Beginning in the 1990s with improved neural imaging, advances in molecular genetics, the Human Genome Project, and the NIH Decade of the Brain research initiative, progress in the study of the brain in neurobiology and genetics began providing a detailed, biological framework that could contribute more precise models to cognitive neuroscience. Evolutionary psychologists and others describe mental 'modules' of cognitive function, but that is an incorrect interpretation. Psychologists typically divide memory into three stages such as working memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Human memory structures itself based upon the systems of relationships occurring in nature, and the cybernetic aspects of executive function and decision-making provide the human autonomy at the psychological level.