ABSTRACT
With the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and the other countries of the Warsaw Pact, emigration control effectively ended in all but one or two of the world’s 191 UNrecognized states. By contrast, immigration control has been strengthened everywhere in response both to security concerns arising from the terrorist outrages of recent years and to public concern about the level of immigration. Security issues have also led to some attempts to regulate the flows of money. But how comprehensive and effective are such measures? Increased global mobility, regional free movement zones, dual citizenship, the growth of student and tourist mobility, the demographic and economic needs of rich countries, weak state structures in some developing countries and irregular migration (to name just the major factors) have compromised the effectiveness of policing national frontiers. Likewise, politicians have found it difficult to reverse the neoliberal measures for free currency movements that were adopted in the last three decades and were designed to ‘unfetter’ the market. How these contradictory pressures will be resolved remains uncertain. In this chapter I focus on the theoretical, ethical and rhetorical basis for state regulation of the flows of people and, to a lesser extent, on money. I also, more cursorily, compare the two flows.
