ABSTRACT
This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the key concepts discussed in the book. The book discusses that the human smuggling and migration more generally. Pakistani Diasporas can be distinguished from Latin American, East Asian and even some South Asian migration systems like Sri Lanka, where the male bread-winning model has been disrupted by independent female migration. In historical terms to the older predominantly male colonial labour migrations from South Asia sketched by Cohen which were also characterised by gender imbalances that allowed the displacement of the costs of migration onto rural sending households which remained backward and dependent. Through migration, a young man could maintain a measure of emancipation from the traditional society simply by living abroad with independent financial resources. Across Europe, the sombre reality of human smuggling's outcomes broods in isolation from the optimistic imaginings that prevail in sending contexts.
