ABSTRACT

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept related to the behaviour and conduct of corporations and those who are associated with them. CSR is a concept by which business enterprises integrate the principles of social and environmental responsibility in their operations as well as in the way they interact with their stakeholders. There seems to be two perspectives on CSR in terms of alignment between executive management and their stakeholders. One perspective stresses the importance of stakeholder engagement, while the other stresses the importance of internal change management. Some business enterprises are more advanced than other enterprises in the area of CSR. Such differences can be conceptualized in terms of stages of growth for organizational maturity, where the extent of learning is an important characteristic of higher stages of growth. Like citizen participation is the basis of working democracy, employee participation is the basis of a socially responsible company.